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What is SEO (search engine optimization)? Complete guide + workflow

Albin Hot
By Albin Hot
February 9, 20263 min read

SEO (search engine optimization) is the work you do to earn qualified visits from organic search results. The goal is not rankings for their own sake, but predictable traffic that converts.

If you want the one-line definition: SEO aligns intent, content, technical foundations, and authority so search engines can confidently recommend your page.

How search engines work (crawl -> render -> index -> rank)

Search engines do four things, in order:

1. Crawl: discover your URLs via links and sitemaps.

2. Render: load the page (often with JavaScript) to see what users see.

3. Index: store and understand the content (topics, entities, intent).

4. Rank: decide which pages best satisfy the query.

SEO breaks when one step fails:

  • Crawl issues: broken internal links, blocked robots.txt, slow server
  • Render issues: content only visible after JS, blocked resources
  • Index issues: noindex, wrong canonicals, duplicates, thin pages
  • Rank issues: wrong intent, weak content, weak authority, poor UX
  • The 3 pillars of SEO

    1) Content (intent, depth, usefulness)

  • Right page type for the SERP
  • Fast answer up front, depth for serious readers
  • Clear structure (H2/H3) and scannability
  • Evidence: examples, screenshots, data, steps, FAQ
  • Rule: one primary intent per page.

    2) Technical SEO (indexation and experience)

  • Indexing control: robots.txt, noindex, canonical, sitemap
  • URL consistency: HTTPS, www/non-www, trailing slash, redirect hygiene
  • Internal links: click depth, orphan pages, breadcrumbs
  • Performance: mobile and Core Web Vitals
  • Rendering: Google can see the content
  • 3) Authority (trust and defensibility)

  • Relevant backlinks from real sites (quality > quantity)
  • Mentions, reviews, and brand searches
  • Content that gets referenced
  • Practical workflow (0-90 days)

    Days 0-7

  • Connect Search Console and GA4
  • Define 1-3 conversions
  • Export top pages and queries
  • Days 8-30

  • Fix P0 blockers
  • Improve 5-10 pages with impressions
  • Map topics -> one main page each
  • Days 31-90

  • Build topic clusters (hub + supporting pages)
  • Add internal links both ways
  • Start authority work and update winners
  • How to pick keywords that make money

  • Intent fit
  • Business value
  • SERP reality (ads/local/AI answers)
  • Ability to win
  • One page can satisfy the intent
  • Common mistakes

  • No SERP check
  • Random posts without clusters
  • Cannibalization (multiple pages, same intent)
  • Fixing every warning instead of P0/P1
  • Tracking rankings but not conversions
  • Conclusion

    SEO is a repeatable process: measure, fix blockers, publish the best pages, connect them, and earn authority.

    Albin Hot

    Albin Hot

    Albin Hot is Senior SEO Specialist bij Niblah, een toonaangevend marketing platform voor zoekmachines, AI en meer. Hij werkt al meer dan 5 jaar in SEO en specialiseert zich in omzetgedreven strategieën in nauwe samenwerking met multidisciplinaire teams.

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